Explore the research.
The science behind lactoferrin.
From vaginal microbial communities and women's iron status to innate immunity, lactoferrin has been investigated across human clinical trials and laboratory research.
Explore the evidence by area of interest.
Study 01 · Vaginal microbiome
Lactoferrin and vaginal bacterial balance
Bacterial biota of women with bacterial vaginosis treated with lactoferrin (2017)
- Study type
- Open, randomised human trial
- Participants
- 60 women
- Duration
- 10 days
- Dose
- 100 mg or 200 mg lactoferrin, administered vaginally
What researchers found
Both doses were associated with reductions in bacteria linked to vaginal imbalance, including Gardnerella and Prevotella, alongside increases in Lactobacillus species.
The changes in bacterial communities persisted for two weeks after treatment in the 200 mg group.
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Study 02 · Vaginal microbiome
Oral lactoferrin and the vaginal microbiome
Lactobacilli vaginal colonisation after oral consumption of Respecta complex (2015)
- Study type
- Randomised controlled pilot study
- Participants
- 40 women
- Duration
- 14 days, with follow-up at day 21
- Formula
- Oral bovine lactoferrin combined with two named Lactobacillus strains
What researchers found
Researchers detected increased levels of the supplemented Lactobacillus strains in vaginal samples following oral consumption.
The findings provide an interesting foundation for further investigation into the relationship between orally administered bacterial strains, lactoferrin and vaginal microbial communities.
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Study 03 · Iron metabolism
Lactoferrin and iron status during pregnancy
Efficacy and tolerability of oral bovine lactoferrin compared to ferrous sulfate in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (2009)
- Study type
- Randomised, double-blind controlled trial
- Participants
- 100 pregnant women enrolled
- Duration
- 30 days
- Dose
- 200 mg bovine lactoferrin daily, compared with ferrous sulphate
What researchers found
Both groups experienced improvements in haemoglobin and measures of iron status.
Women receiving lactoferrin reported fewer gastrointestinal side effects, particularly abdominal pain and constipation, than those receiving ferrous sulphate.
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Study 04 · Microbial research
Lactoferrin and Gardnerella bacteria
Antimicrobial activity of bovine lactoferrin against Gardnerella species clinical isolates (2022)
- Study type
- Laboratory research
- Samples
- 71 clinical bacterial isolates
- Dose
- Multiple laboratory concentrations
- Research focus
- Bacterial growth and antimicrobial interactions
What researchers found
Bovine lactoferrin inhibited the growth of the tested Gardnerella isolates in a concentration-dependent manner, including isolates resistant to metronidazole.
Researchers also observed enhanced antimicrobial activity when lactoferrin was combined with clindamycin under laboratory conditions.
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Study 05 · Immune biology
Lactoferrin and the immune response
Oral lactoferrin reduces systemic inflammation, enhances anti-viral responses and modulates immune cell profiles (2026)
- Study type
- Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Participants
- 103 adults enrolled; 97 completed
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Dose
- 200 mg or 600 mg lactoferrin daily
What researchers found
Lactoferrin supplementation influenced several measured immune-cell responses.
The higher-dose group showed changes in certain T-cell populations and immune responses to viral stimulation, while both doses affected aspects of immune-cell activity.
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Studies in this area are being added.
Research cited relates to individual ingredients, not finished formulations. Content is for educational purposes only.